• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Apparatus for measuring the speed of rotation of a wheel or the angular orientation thereof relative to a fixed point. A first portion of a transmitter unit is positioned along the periphery of the wheel and a second portion of the transmitter unit is positioned at a stationary location outside of the wheel. The two portions of the transmitter unit together from one or more lined screens which, when one is viewed through the other, create a moire interference pattern. Optical means are provided to read the interference pattern created as the wheel is moved to thereby determine the speed or angular orientation thereof.
    公开号:SU1034619A3
    申请号:SU772536801
    申请日:1977-10-14
    公开日:1983-08-07
    发明作者:А.Бергквист Ларс
    申请人:1Ларе А.Вергквйст (Швеци ) Vг -..；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

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    WITH
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    The invention relates to a measurement technique and can be used to measure an angle or angular velocity. In devices for measuring angles or angular velocities by an electron method, a metal wheel is often used with slots around its circumference, in which electric pulses are generated by means of an electromagnetic element, or a wheel, on the circumference of which there are non-magnetic portions uniformly distributed along this circumference and separated from one another by unmagnetized gaps, where electric pulses are generated in the electromagnetic device when the wheel is rotated. A device is known in which the division of the wheel circumference into magnetized non-magnetized sections or slots, in the case of using a wheel with slots around the circumference, during rotation of which the pulses are generated optically, which makes it possible to obtain accurate data on the angular position of the wheel 1. The closest: to offer; It is technically an infra-low frequency displacement meter containing a movable mantle lever, movable and fixed rasters, light sources and photo elements 2 3. I Known devices do not allow; to determine the relative direction of movement. L The purpose of the invention is to determine the relative direction of movement. The goal is achieved by the fact that in the device containing a movable cylindrical raster with an eccentrically located load, a fixed raster, light sources and photo cells, the fixed raster is made in the form of two screens, one of which has a smaller number and unit length than on a moving raster. FIG. 1 schematically shows the device in a position parallel to the axis of the wheel; in fig. 2 and 3 is the same, in a position perpendicular to the axis of the wheel in FIG. 4 is a device including a readout device in FIG. 5 is a basic circuit diagram in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; in fig. b a device intended for monitoring. ANGULAR speed in FIG. 7 is a device for measuring angles. The device comprises a wheel 1 with an axis 2. The wheel circumference 3 has a cylinder, to one of the edges of which the wheel center of wheel 1 is attached. On the outer surface of the circle 3 of wheel 1 there is a first part of the sensor assembly consisting of screens 4 and 5. Parallel to the circle 3 the wheel 1 and beyond is located the second part of the sensor assembly consisting of one or more screens. The device also contains a reading device, which consists of one or more light-emitting diodes b for illuminating shields 4 and 5, and one or more phototransistors 7 for registering interference patterns occurring at the time when wheel 1 is together with it and the screen 4 of the first part are moved relative to the screen 5 of the second part. These two parts, on which are screens 4 and 5, as well as the circumference 3, wheels 1 are made mainly of transparent plastic. When two screens, consisting of opaque lines 8, separated by transparent gaps, move relative to each other, upon visual observation of the first screen, interference patterns, or so-called moire patterns, appear through the second screen. Depending on the design of the two screens, moire patterns of various types can be generated. The opaque lines 8 associated with the screen 4 of the first part are parallel to the direction of movement of the circle 3 wheels 1, and the opaque lines 8 connected with the screen 5 of the second part are parallel to the lines 8 of the screen of the first part. When the wheel 1, and with it the first screen 4, rotates with or rotates and thereby moves perpendicular to the screen lines 8 on the second screen 5, upon visual observation of the first screen 4 through the second screen 5 an interference pattern appears , consisting of moving dark bands 9 (Fig. 2). The screens are made in such a way that the screen 4 of the first part has the number of divisions of the opaque lines 8 per unit length, perpendicular lines 8, which is different from the number of divisions of the screen 5 of the second part. This difference in separation is achieved mainly by the fact that the opaque screen lines 8 in two parts have the same width, and the fact that the width of the bright or transparent lines on the screen 4 of the first part is different from the width of the lines on the screen in the second part. The width of the opaque lines 8, as well as Airin light or transparent lines on the screen 4
    The first part is different from the width of the screen line 5 of the second part.
    In addition, screens 4 and 5 are designed in such a way that for each screen, bright or transparent lines have a smaller width than opaque lines. As a result, there are distinct interference patterns. If the light or transparent lines have the same width as the erasure lines or wider than these opaque lines, a comparatively non-interfering pattern occurs, which makes the optical reading less accurate.
    The direction of movement of the wide bands 9 depends on which of the two screens 4 and 5 has a denser separation. FIG. 2 shows, as an example, a variant in which the screen 5 of the second part may have a larger number of opaque lines per unit length — perpendicular lines 8, than the screen 4 of the first part. As a result, the wide strips 9 move in the direction indicated by the arrow 10 when the wheel turns in the direction indicated by the arrows AND to 12.
    When the screens 4 and 5 of the first and second parts have a different separation, the wide strips 9 will move a distance greater than the distance the circumference 3 of the wheel 1 has moved.
    Thus, a relationship is obtained between the distance that the circumference 3 of wheel 1 has moved and the distance of movement of lanes 9. Therefore, the movement of circumference 3 of wheel 1 can be read more accurately by moving lanes 9 than reading it directly from circumference 3 of wheel 1.
    In order to get a higher ratio, i.e. When a large number of wide lanes 9 pass through a point on screen 5 for a certain movement of the circumference of wheel 1, the difference in the division into. The strip between the screens 4 and 5 of the two parts should be small. When, for example, the opaque lines 8 on the screens 4 and 5 of the two parts have the same width, for example 0.6 mm, and the intermediate light or transparent | Nye lines have a width of 0.5 mm on one screen, and 0.3 mm on the second screen , a ratio of about 10 is obtained, i.e. wide lanes move across screens 4 and 5 to a distance that is 10 times longer than the distance that the circle 3 moved. This example proves that using the device you can get much greater accuracy when measuring the movement of the circumference 3 wheels 1 than
    when measuring directly around the circumference of the wheel.
    As already noted, the interference pattern is read using one or more light-emitting diodes 6 and phototransistor 7,
    In the case when the first and second parts consist of only one screen, one light-emitting diode 6 and one phototransmission are used.
    0 tor 7.
    I In accordance with the first invention on the screen 4 of the first part of the sensor mounted on the circumference 3 of the wheel 1, the transparent lines are located between the opaque lines 8. The circle 3 of the wheel J is made of an opaque material.
    In this case, light emitting diode 6 or light emitting diodes,
    0 if on one or both parts
    4 and 5 of the sensor assembly, there are several screens installed between the circumference 3 of the wheel 1 and its axis (Fig. 1). Phototransistor 7
    5 or phototransist l, if there are several screens on one or both parts 4 and 5 of the sensor assembly,:., Are installed on the same side of the screen 5 of the second part, which is relative to the outside of the wheel 1 (figure 1). A light emitting diode or light emitting diodes can be installed where the phototransistor 7 or phototransistors are located, according to
    5 with the above, and vice versa. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the screen 5 of the second part overlaps the screen 4 of the first part in length, which is much shorter than the circumference of the wheel 1.
    0
    The rays of light from the light-emitting diode b, thus, the passage through the transparent circle 3 wheels 1 and the screen 4 mounted on it, and through the screen 5 of the second part
    5 sensor nodes, after which the rays of light meet the phototransistor 7 on their way.
    In accordance with a second embodiment of the invention, screen 4 of the first
    0 parts have light, but opaque pye, lines located between. opaque lines 8, while the screen 5 of the second part has transparent lines
    5 between the opaque lines 8. The light emitting diode 6 and the phototransistor 7 are located on that side of the screen
    5 of the second part, which is facing outward from the wheel 1. Rays of light from the tri-emitting diode 6 in this case, through the screen 5 of the second part, are reflected by the screen 4 of the first part
    and pass through the screen 5 of the second part to meet with the phototransistor 7.
    5 Thus, the movement of the wheel circumference 1 of a series of moving dark strips 9 causes the light from the light emitting diode 6 to come to the phototransistor 5 7 in the form of pulsed light. A phototransistor 7 converts these light pulses into electrical pulses that are amplified and processed in an electronic setup suitable for this purpose. Cases screens 4 and 5 of two parts so as to obtain a high ratio of the type mentioned here) and elk above, for a relatively small movement of the circumference 3 of wheel 1, a large number of electrical pulses can be obtained from the phototransistor. Such high accuracy. indications regarding the movement of the circumference 3 of the wheel 1 are provided by the device without requiring that the components of the device are designed with a corresponding high degree of accuracy. Installing the screen 4 of the first part on an axis associated, for example, with a hydraulic motor, during separation, i.e. at a distance from the center of the opaque line - to the center of the adjacent opaque line of 0.08 mm and a screen 5 of the second part, having a different separation, is installed above this screen, from the phototransistor receive pulses with a frequency of 1000 Hz, when the hydraulic motor has a diameter of 0, 3 m rotates at 5 rpm. In this way, a very high degree of friction is obtained with respect to the speed of the axle. In order to obtain a high degree of accuracy in accordance with another embodiment of the invention, the screen 5 of the first or second part is divided into two screens 5a and 5b. - The screen 5 of the second part consists of two screens 5a and 5bj with different divisions, with the dividing line between the screens 5a and 5b are perpendicular to the screen lines 8 and are located symmetrically with the second part (Fig. 3). One of the two screens 5a and 5b has a division that is more dense than the division of screen 4 of the first part, and the second of two screens 5a and 5b has a rarer separation than the separation of screen 4 of the first part. If, for example, one screen 5a (Fig. 3) has a tighter separation, and the Second screen 5b has a rarer separation than the screen 4 of the first part, then the wide strips 9 on the screen 5a move in the direction shown by the arrow 13, and on the second the screen 5t) moves in the direction indicated by the arrow 14 when the circumference 3 of the wheel 1 moves in the direction indicated by the arrow 15. The division of the two screens 5a and 5b can have different interrelationship with the division of the screen 4 of the first part. In this case, the wide lanes 9 will move faster across one of the two screens 5a and 5b. In this embodiment of the invention, a light-emitting diode b is provided for each of the two screens 5a and, respectively, one phototransistor 7 is provided for each of the two screens 5a and 5b. The resulting two interference patterns make it possible to detect also the direction of movement of the circle 3 of wheel 1. To compare the phases between the room interference patterns, then in this case a higher degree of accuracy can be obtained than with the first embodiment of the invention. FIG. Figures 4-6 illustrate a device used to measure both the angular position and the angular velocity. FIG. 4 shows the wheel 1 with the axle. On the circumference 3 of the wheel 1 there is a screen 4 of the first part, and the screen 5 of the second part is adjacent to the circumference of the wheel. The measuring fork 16 is O-shaped so that its first side 17 is between the circumference 3 of the wheel 1 and the axle 2, and its second side 18 is outside the circumference 3 of the wheel 1. The screen 5 of the second part is installed between the second side 18 and the circumference 3 wheels. FIG. 4, the screen of the second part is shown attached to the second side 18 of the measuring fork 16. In the first side of the measuring fork 16, a light emitting diode is installed to send light beams through the screen 4 on the circumference of the wheel and the screen 5 of the second part to the phototransistor 7, which is located in the second side 18 of the measuring fork 16. Thus, when rotating or turning the wheel 1, the phototransistor 7 will receive light pulses with a frequency corresponding to the speed of passage of the light and dark regions of the interference oh CIM pattern between the light emitting diode 6 and phototransistor 7. Said pulses are a direct measure of the rotational speed or angular velocity of the wheel 1. FIG. 5 shows by way of example a wiring diagram for generating electrical pulses. The light emitting diode b and amplifier 19 receive the voltage supplied through the supply rails. The light 20 emitted by the light emitting diode b passes through the first and second screens 4 and 5 of the sensor assembly and crosses the phototransistor 7 in its path. The resulting signal is amplified in three amplifier stages, each of which includes transistors 21-23 and resistors 24 - 26. Condenser 27 is a feedback capacitor. The signal obtained in this way is amplitude-limited, which is achieved by means of an amplitude limiter 28, consisting of a Zener diode, connected in parallel with respect to output 29. In a device designed for use in controlling the speed of an electric motor (Fig. 6) The sensor assembly consists of a disk 30 or a circular sector of a disk that is fixed and a disk 31 mounted on the shaft 32 of the engine 33. The screen 4 of the first part of the sensor assembly is located on one side of the disk 31 in the form of a strip 34, scheys move around the disc circumference. The screen 5 of the second part of the sensor assembly is located appropriately on another fixed disk 30. The screen lines of the two parts 4 and 5 run radially on the disks 30 and 31 or on the circular sector of the disk. The measurement 16, one side 17 of which includes A light emitting diode, and the other side 18, includes a phototransistor, covers the disks 30 and 31 at a certain angle of circumference. The light emitting diode thus sends rays of light from ONE side of the measuring fork through two disks 30, 31 to the phototransistor located in the other side of the 18 measuring fork 16. When the shaft 32 of the motor 33 is rotated, the light pulses are formed at a certain speed, meet on its way, a phototransistor, where they are converted into electrical pulses, which are amplified in amplifier 19. Amplifier 19 and the next amplitude limiter 28 can be represented by the type shown in FIG. 5. The output signal from the limiter 28 amplitude is a series of pulses whose frequency is proportional to the number of revolutions of the engine. The pulse frequency is compared to. The regulator is 35 with a nominal value, after which the number of revolutions of the motor is adjusted so that the frequency of the pulses is consistent with the nominal value. A device for measuring the angles of FIG. 7), contains a wheel 1, provided with an axis 2, installed in the rear wall 36, and in the front wall 37. The measuring plug 16 contains in its one side 17 a light emitting diode, and in the other its side 18 photo-treizisto | . The fork encloses the circumference 3 of the wheel 1, as shown in FIG. 4. The screen 4 of the first part of the sensor assembly is located on the circumference 3 of the wheel 1, and the screen 5 of the second part of the sensor assembly is located between the circumference 3 of the wheel 1 and the second side 18 of the measuring fork 16 as shown in FIG. 4. The wheel has a high-density load 38 located near its circumference, so that the center of force of the wheel body is displaced radially from axis 2 toward the circumference of the wheel in the direction of the load 38. Walls 36 and 37 together with side walls (not shown) form the body 39 in which wheel 1 and measuring fork 16 are enclosed. In the case 39, an amplifier unit and a computing unit of the meter are located, which are indicated in FIG. 7 with reference numeral 40 for amplifying and counting pulses generated by shields, a light emitting diode, and a photo transistor. ; During the measurement, wheel 1 is first stopped relative to housing 39 in the position shown in FIG. 7, using a stopper (not shown). Thereafter, the surface 41 is mounted on a surface, the angular position of which, for example, with respect to the horizontal area, is to be measured. The stopper is released so that the wheel 1 can rotate freely. Then the wheel 1 is rotated so that the vertical line passes through the center, axis 2, and the center of gravity of the wheel, which lies on the radius passing through the center of axis 2 and the center of weight. When the wheel 1 rotates, a series of electrical pulses is generated, which are counted in the computing unit 40. The number of pulses is proportional to the distance traveled by the circumference 3 of wheel 1 relative to measuring fork 16, and thus forms a measure of the angle to which the axis of the wheel 2 has turned. This rotation corresponds to the angle on which the axle 2 of the wheels turned and the angle on which the surface 41 bent towards the horizontal plane. After the number of pulses has been counted, the result obtained is obtained numerically with the help of a technique and is shown, for example, on the indicator device 42 in the form of Digits, showing the angle value.
    on which the surface 41 leaned toward the horizontal plane.
    When measuring the angle using the proposed device, such screens are preferably used, in which the screen of the second part of the sensor assembly consists of two screens 5a and 5bi as shown in FIG. 3, whereby the direction of rotation of the wheel 1 can be estimated, and the possible rocking of the wheel relative to the equilibrium position can be compensated with the help of a computing unit. The measuring plug 16 consists of two modern emitting diodes and two phototransistors, and the amplification and calculation unit 40 includes J3 known electronic
    the equipment with which this estimate is made. In addition to the Tord in the embodiment of the invention for measuring the angular velocity, the screen 5 of the second part can consist of two screens 5a and 5b so that the direction of rotation of the wheel 1 can be reduced.
    As already noted, with two screens 5a and 5b in the second part of the sensor assembly, a higher degree of accuracy can be obtained with respect to measuring a certain angle of rotation. In all of the variations of the invention discussed above, it may be possible to use such a sensor assembly.
    tt is
    R

    -a
    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [1]
    DEVICE FOR MEASURING ANGLE OR ANGULAR SPEED, comprising a movable cylindrical raster with an eccentrically located load; motionless raster, light sources 1 and photocells, distinguished by the fact that, in order to determine the relative direction of movement, the motionless raster is made in the form of two screens, one of which has a smaller and the other number of divisions per unit length, than on a moving rasterI
    FIG. 7
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
    SU1034619A3|1983-08-07|Device for measuring angle or angular velocity
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    US2320290A|1943-05-25|Integrating gradiometer
    US3551680A|1970-12-29|Star field observation apparatus having reticle with exponentially varying optical transmittivity and mirror sweeping the star field across the mirror at exponentially varying velocity
    同族专利:
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    JPS5386240A|1978-07-29|
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    引用文献:
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    FR1417986A|1963-01-19|1965-11-19|Razdow Lobaratories Inc|Angular and linear displacement and velocity measuring device|
    DE1220152B|1963-08-23|1966-06-30|Wenczler & Heidenhain|Device for canting error-free measurement of lengths|
    CH498373A|1967-02-23|1970-10-31|Contraves Ag|Arrangement with several photocells|
    SE334752B|1969-06-23|1971-05-03|Bolinder Munktell|
    US3693023A|1970-12-29|1972-09-19|Dynamics Res Corp|Electro-optical tachometer|
    US3812352A|1972-08-28|1974-05-21|Itek Corp|Encoder readout system|DE2826213B2|1978-06-15|1980-06-04|Dr. Johannes Heidenhain Gmbh, 8225 Traunreut|Photoelectric incremental length and angle measuring system|
    DE3038716C2|1980-10-14|1985-12-12|Dr. Johannes Heidenhain Gmbh, 8225 Traunreut|Position measuring device|
    JPS57125851A|1981-01-29|1982-08-05|Toyota Motor Corp|Detector for number of revolutions|
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    US4802229A|1983-04-12|1989-01-31|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha|Image processing system|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    SE7611510A|SE402355B|1976-10-15|1976-10-15|DEVICE FOR INDICATING AN ANGLE OR AN ANGLE SPEED|
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